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🧩What is Sharding🧩❓ feat. Core-Tech for ETH 2.0🧐
01 January 08:00
Sharding is a technology that reduces the burden by distributing data when the storage capacity of a single database is overloaded. Sharding divides the entire network into multiple sections and then stores and verifies transactions in each section. The technique of splitting data into sections is called sharding, and the divided sections are called shards. When sharding technology is introduced into a single database, the network speed is rapidly improved because nodes that used to be validated only in one distributed ledger verify and process distributed stored transactions for each divided shard. For example, if all workers perform all tasks equally, sharding is that workers divide work parts with each other.
Recently, various solutions are being introduced as the Ethereum blockchain network is overloaded. One of them is the layer scaling solution. A layer refers to the role of a system. Based on the blockchain network system, the role of each layer is as follows.
Layer-0: Network
Layer-1: Blockchain (On-Chain)
Layer-2: Off-chain
Layer-3: Applications
Layer-4: Services
Blockchain is layer-1. And the technology that records transactions in the blockchain network is on-chain. All on-chain transactions are publicly recorded on the blockchain and cannot be permanently deleted. Therefore, high stability is guaranteed, but as the data throughput increases, the speed decreases, causing scalability problems. A layer scaling solution is needed to solve these problems. Sharding is one of the layer-1 scaling solutions for on-chain.
Since the on-chain belongs to the main chain, it is necessary to change the protocol of the main chain for the on-chain scaling solution. Therefore, a hard fork of the blockchain network is essential. However, since the off-chain scaling solution is a system built outside the main chain, a soft fork is also possible.
Core Technology for Ethereum 2.0 - 🧩Sharding🧩
Sharding is one of the Ethereum 2.0 core technologies for Ethereum to transition its consensus algorithm from PoW to PoS. In Ethereum 2.0, sharding is trying to solve the waste of multiple nodes storing redundant data. A blockchain with sharding is called a shard chain. In the shard chain, each shard only stores and verifies data given to each shard. And the gathered shards are later chained to the Ethereum network. Here, we raise the question of how to secure trust in a sharded shard when it is chained back to the Ethereum network. The solution to this problem is the Beacon Chain. This chain will be introduced later in another article. Ethereum recently remodeled its gas fee model through its London hard fork. In the future, Ethereum 2.0 plans to introduce rollups and sharding to speed up transactions.
Editor YB(Gate.io Korea, Marketing Agent)'s Comments
The introduction of sharding is like building a split work system in a well-run company. This move proves that Ethereum is still alive today and can grow even more in the future. Therefore, as long as the blockchain industry continues to grow, Ethereum is expected to firmly maintain its second position in market cap. Gateio, a global crypto coin exchange, is servicing ETH 2.0 mining products.
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