Sharding is the core solution to the blockchain scalability problem. It divides the blockchain network into multiple independent shards to enable parallel processing. This article introduces sharding technology's origins, types, and implementation strategies. It provides an in-depth analysis of different forms such as network sharding, transaction sharding, and state sharding, exploring their advantages and challenges. Using examples such as Ethereum 2.0's Danksharding, it discusses how sharding technology enhances blockchain performance and interoperability, offering new ideas for the sustainable development of the blockchain ecosystem.