互联网是由全球范围内非常多的电脑连接构成,而在电脑与电脑之间的沟通需要一种共同的语言,即协议。当我们需要查找一个特定文件时,会先找到这个文件所在的网址,通过DNS解析后,再从存储了这份文件的电脑的IP地址下载文件,这一部分是通过Http协议(HyperText Transfer Protocol)来实现的。
但Http协议以明文方式发送内容,不提供任何方式数据加密,过程中数据容易被窃听或篡改,容易引起安全问题,因此已经逐渐被淘汰。目前互联网已经由Http协议逐渐向Https协议(Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)过渡。Https通过SSL或TLS对数据包进行加密,并要求网站服务器提供身份认证,从而达到保证数据机密性的效果。
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