Introduction

Supra Network provides an extensive array of services and functionalities within its shared security platform. This includes the innovative Distributed Oracle Protocol (DORA), a native vertical integration structure, the Distributed Verifiable Random Function (DVRF), a zero-block delay automated network, AppChain-inspired containers, MultiVM support, and optimized block execution through parallel transaction processing. Furthermore, Supra’s bridging solutions — HyperLoop and HyperNova — position it as the world’s first “IntraLayer” solution, seamlessly connecting multiple blockchains to Supra through logic executed on its smart contract platform.

Financing Background

Financing Information
On September 28, 2023, Supra successfully closed a funding round, securing $24M. The round saw participation from prominent investors, including Coinbase Ventures, Animoca Brands, HashKey Capital, and HTX Ventures. [1]

Team Members

Team Members
Supra’s core team is comprised of Joshua Tobkin, Jon Jones, and Alan K., each bringing valuable experience from the blockchain industry. Before joining Supra, Alan K. held a position at Binance, Jon Jones contributed to various Web3 organizations in Taiwan, and Joshua Tobkin co-founded and served as CEO of Unitychain. [2]

Core Features

Native Vertical Integration

Blockchain’s influence and scope are continuously expanding across diverse sectors of human activity. Supra is committed to driving this revolution and is backed by pioneering research and robust engineering expertise. With an ambitious vision, Supra aims to launch an efficient Layer 1 blockchain that seamlessly integrates various blockchain-related services, offering comprehensive solutions ensuring a frictionless experience for users and developers. Supra’s technology embodies the timeless wisdom of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle: “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.”

Guided by the principle of vertical integration, Supra offers a comprehensive suite of functionalities and blockchain services to individual and institutional users and developers. The native services supported by Supra’s blockchain are as follows:

• Layer 1 Blockchain: Supports various types of assets, including native tokens, programmable fungible and non-fungible tokens, and standard cross-chain tokens.
• Multiple On-Chain Turing-Complete Smart Contract Execution Environments: The smart contract language platform is crucial for implementing various decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols, games, lotteries, blockchain-based supply chain tracking, and other applications on public blockchains.
• On-Demand (Pull) and Streaming (Push) Off-Chain Data Services: Services like cryptocurrency prices, foreign exchange rates, stock indices, and weather data are transmitted to the Supra blockchain and other blockchains via Supra’s Distributed Oracle Protocol (DORA).
• Push and Pull On-Chain Randomness Services: Generates and provides Distributed Verifiable Random Functions (dVRF) for Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 users, supporting both streaming and on-demand formats.
• Automated Network: Schedules transaction execution based on specific timestamps, on-chain events, or off-chain events (provided by DORA). For example, a user might request, “At 12:00 AM ET on June 1, 2025, if ETH exceeds $4000, sell my DOGE.”
• AppChains: These exist on Supra as Containers, offering the flexibility and autonomy of AppChains while significantly reducing deployment costs. They also benefit from Supra’s high performance, shared security, and unified liquidity.

Interoperability - IntraLayer

While Supra provides a broad range of native services, it recognizes the importance of the multi-chain ecosystem. To boost interoperability, Supra introduces a star-shaped conceptual framework in which its Layer 1 blockchain and integrated services function as an IntraLayer network. This network connects various Layer 1 and Layer 2 chains through two interoperability solutions: HyperLoop and HyperNova. Although Supra operates independently as a MultiVM smart contract platform, it also strives to act as a vital layer between other networks—an ‘internal’ layer. This includes enabling value exchange through native smart contracts, automation, and oracles, and facilitating secure cross-chain communication in a crypto-economically robust manner.

HyperLoop builds on traditional multi-signature bridge protocols but has undergone rigorous analysis and validation to ensure its security from a game-theoretic perspective, which makes it the first of its kind in the industry. HyperNova, on the other hand, is a trustless interoperability solution that guarantees the security of connected chains without relying on the security assumptions inherent in traditional bridges or relay nodes.

Specific Scenarios for HyperLoop and HyperNova:

• Supra’s HyperLoop bridging solution is particularly advantageous for connecting optimistic rollups to Supra, as it eliminates the fraud-proof challenge required for achieving true finality.
• HyperNova is ideal for connecting any Proof-of-Stake (PoS) Layer 1 chain to Supra, as it maintains the security of the connected chain by recalculating the consensus of the chain interacting with Supra, thus ensuring security for Layer 1-to-Layer 1 connections. Supra’s Layer 1 blockchain is designed to facilitate secure and efficient cross-chain communication.
• Supra plans to use HyperNova to connect Bitcoin to Supra, while HyperLoop will be used to make the reverse connection.

Some features enabled by the Supra IntraLayer tech stack:

• Intrinsic Layer for Decentralized Finance (DeFi): A platform within a platform, capable of integrating various well-known DeFi protocols, such as Automated Market Makers (AMMs).
• DApp Creators can easily access cross-chain assets and information.
• Cross-chain Automation Service: Enhances user experience by allowing consumers to set automation tasks based on events or information from multiple chains.
• A cross-chain automation service that enhances the user experience by enabling consumers to set up automated tasks based on events or data from multiple chains.

The native vertical integration of multiple services on a high-performance Layer 1 blockchain aligns with Supra’s vision of becoming the world’s first cross-chain IntraLayer solution.

Tribes and Clans

Supra’s Core Idea

Supra’s core idea proposes the foundation of a Tribe and Clan architecture. The following are the key aspects of Supra’s core philosophy:

• In a network capable of tolerating up to one-third Byzantine nodes, only the ordering service is run, with other services built upon it.
• With this approach, the Byzantine fault tolerance (BFT) for other services can be improved from one-third to one-half.

Tribe, Clan, and Family Architecture

Supra’s Network Framework
Supra’s core insights support the high-performance vertical integration of multiple services on the blockchain. Its network framework includes three levels:

• Tribe: A committee capable of tolerating up to one-third Byzantine nodes.
• Clan: A committee capable of tolerating up to one-half Byzantine nodes.
• Family: A committee that requires at least one correct node to operate.

To achieve optimal performance and robust security, Supra has designed its network structure as follows:

Active nodes are grouped into a “Tribe”, which runs Supra’s consensus protocol, provides ordering services, and can tolerate up to one-third Byzantine nodes. A key insight in the core design is that the entire Tribe is not required to execute transactions or maintain the full state. Instead, a smaller subset—a “Clan”—is sufficient to manage the state, execute transactions, calculate post-state blocks, and sign state commitments. As a result, transaction data is initially propagated at the Clan level and then further broadcasted.

This architecture is particularly suited for efficient state sharding, where different clans manage different state shards, possibly using independent virtual machines (VMs). This enables scalability, allowing Supra to adjust throughput by adding more clans (or shards) as needed. Therefore, beyond consensus, Supra runs all protocols (such as data propagation, shard execution, oracle services, and distributed randomness services) on smaller committees (clans). The clans only need a simple majority of correct nodes to operate.

Application Chain Model - Containers

Containers are an innovative feature inspired by the recent surge in the deployment of application chains. The key benefit of application chains is their ability to offer sovereignty to decentralized protocol creators and their communities. Additionally, they foster the growth of application-driven business models and token utility.

At present, leading solutions such as Layer 2, sidechains, Polkadot parachains, Cosmos zones, and Avalanche subnets are at the forefront of application chain development. In these solutions, gas fees are not directly impacted by the main chain’s pricing (e.g., Polkadot’s relay chain, Cosmos Hub, or Avalanche C-Chain). This results in a localized fee market, ensuring users a more predictable transaction cost. While application chains excel in these areas, they are not ideal for high-throughput blockchains like Supra’s Layer 1.

Supra’s Container Model
Supra’s Container is an innovative concept within the blockchain space. It is a collection or bundle of smart contracts designed to support a single or a group of related decentralized applications (dApps). Leveraging Supra’s runtime framework offers dApp creators an experience similar to an application chain, with features such as custom gas tokens, customizable gas pricing, and controlled deployment of smart contracts. These capabilities are delivered at a low cost through Supra Containers, eliminating the need to launch an entirely new secondary validator network with staking incentives.

This cost-effective development and operational tool enhances Supra Layer 1’s ecosystem, giving it a stronger competitive edge in the market.

Consensus Protocol

Moonshot Consensus Mechanism

The Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus protocol is at the heart of blockchain technology. It provides a standardized ordering for blocks, determining the sequence of transactions within a block. Supra has innovated a new BFT consensus protocol called Moonshot SMR, inspired by the classical Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) protocol and optimized for maximum performance.

Supra’s Parallel Execution Approach
Moonshot achieves the lowest latency for continuous proposals under optimistic conditions, with the minimum delay between two block proposals being just 1 message delay (md). It further optimizes commit latency to 3 md. The additional delays from batch propagation and data availability certificate generation amount to 2 md. Since blocks are proposed at each network hop, data availability certificates must queue for the subsequent block proposal, resulting in an average queuing delay of 0.5 md. Consequently, the system’s total end-to-end latency is 5.5 md.

DAG Consensus Mechanism (Under Development)

Inspired by research on consensus protocols based on Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG), Supra has invented a novel DAG consensus protocol called Sailfish. This protocol improves the commit latency of current state-of-the-art DAG protocols without sacrificing throughput, achieving this goal with 1 reliable broadcast + 1 message delay (md).

As a variant, Sailfish leverages the Tribe-Clan architecture to achieve higher throughput. Currently, the protocol is undergoing extensive experimentation. If its performance in large-scale networks surpasses Moonshot’s experimental results, Supra plans to transition its core consensus protocol to Sailfish.

Tokenomics

Supra Token Distribution

代币分配

• 22.8%: Foundation and Treasury (dedicated to ecosystem growth and development)
• 21.0%: Validators and Stakers (to promote network security and long-term stability)
• 20.5%: Early Contributors
• 16.0%: Team (structured allocation to support long-term network development)
• 11.0%: Ecosystem and Community
• 4.0%: “Blast Off” Airdrop Event
• 4.7%: Others (including advisors, strategic partners, marketing, legal, administration, etc.) [3]

$Supra Token Circulating Supply

Token Unlocking Roadmap
This chart illustrates Supra tokens’ expected circulation over the coming years. The goal is to build a vibrant community and ecosystem, with the team fully committed to making this a reality. The core team and earliest VC tokens will not be staked or earn block rewards at launch. The community always comes first.

$SUPRA Token Utility

$SUPRA tokens play several key roles within the ecosystem, including:

• Gas Fees: As the primary gas token of Supra’s Layer 1, $SUPRA powers every transaction and interaction within the ecosystem. Supra is designed to be fast, scalable, and optimized for high throughput.
• Staking and Network Security: Like most Proof of Stake networks, $SUPRA will be used to secure the Supra Layer 1 network. Supra operates as a PoS platform, requiring node operators to stake 55 million $SUPRA to run nodes that provide network security.
• Support for Native Services: When we stake or lock $SUPRA tokens to support native services like price feeds, VRF, bridging, and automation on Layer 1, those tokens also provide economic security for all these services.
• Real-Time Data Access: $SUPRA tokens will act as data access tokens, enabling holders to access real-time data from Supra’s native oracle or native cross-chain communication. Applications can access critical information in real time.
• Governance: $SUPRA tokens enable users to participate in governance, allowing them to have a say in the future direction of the network.

External Ecosystem Utility

• Supra provides essential services like oracles and verifiable randomness to other blockchains, with automation functionality coming soon. dApps on other ecosystems and chains will be able to use $SUPRA tokens to access and integrate these services.

Recent Developments

Official Tweet on TGE Information
Supra, the integrated public blockchain, announces the launch of its mainnet and the commencement of its Token Generation Event (TGE). As the first fully vertically integrated Layer 1 blockchain, Supra provides MultiVM support, native oracles, on-chain randomness, cross-chain communication, and automation features. The $SUPRA token will be listed on ByBit, KuCoin, Gate, and MEXC on November 27, 2024, with additional exchanges to follow. This major milestone signals Supra’s transition into a new phase, unlocking significant potential for the Web3 ecosystem. [4]

Conclusion

Supra’s vertically integrated design and innovative Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) mechanism deliver outstanding performance, security, and scalability. Its distinctive Tribe, Clan, and Family architecture enables efficient state sharding, transaction execution, and other distributed services, establishing a strong foundation for the next-generation blockchain ecosystem.